cholera

Cholera is endemic in the Philippines. Through a grant from UPM-NIH, investigators from ICHHD, together with the Philippines’ Department of Health and Johns Hopkins University, collated and analyzed available surveillance data from the country from 2008-2013. The findings in this study as well as heat maps showing areas where suspected and confirmed cholera cases were published in 2015. The maps are useful in identifying areas that may be targeted for future control efforts.

Although clean water and sanitation are the mainstays for cholera control, the World Health Organization has recommended the use of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) as an additional measure against cholera. Since 2001, OCVs have been available internationally; however, the cost of the vaccine made it only available for travelers from developed countries going to cholera-endemic countries. With the availability of newer, lower-cost OCVs, the vaccines became more widely available even to lower- and middle-income countries where cholera remains a problem. In 2014, in collaboration with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the ICHHD organized a workshop aimed at providing information on how OCV can become a part of an integrated response for cholera control.

    1. Herd protection by a bivalent killed whole-cell cholera vaccine in the slums of Kolkata, India (Link)

    2. Risk map of cholera infection for vaccine deployment: the Eastern Kolkata, India (Link)

    3. 5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell cholera vaccine in Kolkata, India: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Link)

    4. Mass vaccination with a new, less expensive oral cholera vaccine using public health infrastructure in India: the Odisha Model (Link)

    5. Vibrocidal antibody responses to a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in a Phase III trial in Kolkata, India (Link)

    6. Killed oral cholera vaccines: history development and implementation challenges (Link)

    7. Post-licensure deployment of oral cholera vaccine: a systematic review (Link)

    8. Epidemiology of cholera in the Philippines (Link)

    9. Flexibility of oral cholera vaccine dosing––a randomised controlled trial measuring immune responses following alternative vaccination schedules in a cholera hyper-endemic zone (Link)

    10. Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries (Link)

    11. Peru-15 (Choleragarde(®)), a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine, is safe and immunogenic in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive adults in Thailand (Link)

    12. Assessing different measures of population-level vaccine protection using a case-control study (Link)

    13. Trials and tribulations of conducting interventional studies in urban slums of a developing country: Experiences from Kolkata, India (Link)

    14. The scenario approach for countries considering the addition of oral cholera vaccination in cholera preparedness and control plans (Link)

    15. Validity of the estimates of oral cholera vaccine effectiveness derived from the test-negative design (Link)

    16. Evaluation in Cameroon of a novel, simplified methodology to assist molecular microbiological analysis of V. cholerae in resource-limited settings (Link)

    17. Cholera outbreak in Yemen (Link)

    18. Immunogenicity of protection from a single dose of internationally available killed oral cholera vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Link)

    19. Cholera prevention and control in Asian countries (Link)

Study Partners